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English reading practice - Edinburgh Festival (C1/C2 Advanced learners)

The city of Edinburgh, Scotland, is known for its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural scene. One of the most significant events that has helped shape its cultural identity is the Edinburgh Festival. This annual extravaganza of arts and culture has not only become a staple in the city's calendar but has also earned global recognition for its contribution to the arts.


In the aftermath of World War II, Europe was undergoing a period of rebuilding and rejuvenation. Against this backdrop, Rudolf Bing, an Austrian impresario, and Henry Harvey Wood, a British playwright and journalist, had a vision to foster a spirit of unity and collaboration through the arts. Their idea was to create an event that transcended political and national boundaries, celebrating the human spirit and creativity. This vision gave birth to the Edinburgh Festival in 1947.



This day 24th August 1947 marked the beginning of what would become a cultural phenomenon. The inaugural Edinburgh Festival was a groundbreaking event that brought together a variety of artistic disciplines, including theatre, music, dance, and visual arts. It was a bold attempt to overcome the lingering effects of the war and promote a sense of shared humanity through artistic expression.


The festival featured a lineup of performances from artists and groups hailing from different parts of Europe. The diverse range of events included orchestral concerts, opera productions, dramatic plays, and exhibitions. Despite limited resources and challenges, the festival captured the imagination of both participants and audiences alike.


The success of the first Edinburgh Festival set a precedent for subsequent years, and the event quickly gained international acclaim. As the festival continued to grow, it attracted more artists, spectators, and critical attention. Over time, additional festivals and events were introduced to complement the original programme, such as the Edinburgh International Book Festival and the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.


The Edinburgh Fringe Festival, in particular, has become a highlight of the overall celebration. Originating as an alternative event that ran alongside the main festival, it has evolved into the largest arts festival in the world. It provides a platform for emerging artists, experimental performances, and unconventional forms of expression, further enriching the cultural landscape of the city. As we celebrate the festival year after year, we honour its founders' vision of using art to bridge divides and celebrate the essence of being human.


Check your understanding

  1. What is the Edinburgh Festival known for, and why is it significant for the city of Edinburgh?

  2. Who were Rudolf Bing and Henry Harvey Wood, and what was their vision behind creating the Edinburgh Festival?

  3. In what year did the first Edinburgh Festival take place, and what was its purpose considering the post-World War II context?

  4. Describe the range of artistic disciplines that were part of the inaugural Edinburgh Festival.

  5. How did the success of the first Edinburgh Festival influence its subsequent years, and what are some additional festivals that emerged as part of the celebration?

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