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Writer's pictureKaren Hunter

English reading practice - Pearly Kings and Queens (C1/C2 Advanced learners)

In the bustling heart of London, amidst the ceaseless commotion of a metropolis that never sleeps, you might encounter a truly captivating sight - a group of people bedecked in the most astonishing attire, shimmering with an abundance of mother-of-pearl buttons. They are the legendary Pearly Kings and Queens, the unofficial guardians of Cockney (a native of East London, traditionally one born within hearing of Bow Bells) tradition and charity, whose tales are woven into the very fabric of the city.


To understand the captivating allure of the Pearly Kings and Queens, one must delve into their origins. The story takes us back to the late 19th century in the working-class districts of London, where a charismatic figure named Henry Croft kickstarted a tradition that would captivate the city for generations to come. Henry Croft, a street sweeper, was moved by the plight of orphaned and abandoned children. In an act of extraordinary kindness, he began adorning a suit with mother-of-pearl buttons to draw attention to his cause, collecting funds for those in need.


The distinguishing feature of Pearly Kings and Queens is undoubtedly their attire. Every garment they wear, from their iconic black suits to hats and gloves, is meticulously covered in mother-of-pearl buttons. These buttons, often hand-sewn with intricate designs, sparkle like stars in the London night. It's not merely a fashion statement; it's a symbol of unwavering commitment to charitable causes.


The Pearly Kings and Queens are not just about their shimmering attire; they are a beacon of hope and charity. These guardians of Cockney culture are deeply committed to their communities and continue to uphold Henry Croft's tradition of raising funds for various charities. They organise dances, sing-alongs, and other events where their exuberance and charisma never fail to charm the attendees. It's a dazzling spectacle where you can witness their passion for making a difference, one mother-of-pearl button at a time.



Cockney culture has always been celebrated for its resilience, its unique slang, and its heart of gold. The Pearly tradition is a quintessential embodiment of these qualities. In a fast-paced world where tradition sometimes gets lost, the Pearly Kings and Queens are a living testament to the enduring spirit of London.


Whether you're a visitor to London or a lifelong resident, encountering the Pearly Kings and Queens is a unique and unforgettable experience. They are as much a part of the city's landscape as its iconic landmarks, and their charisma is utterly infectious. If you ever find yourself wandering through the streets of London, keep your eyes peeled for a flash of pearly radiance; you just might stumble upon a heartwarming piece of living history.


The Pearly Kings and Queens of London are more than just a sight to behold; they are the embodiment of charity, community spirit, and Cockney culture. The mother-of-pearl buttons that adorn their attire shimmer with a message of hope and kindness, and their commitment to charitable causes is nothing short of inspiring. These enigmatic figures, with their dazzling outfits and warm hearts, are a testament to the enduring spirit of London and the enduring power of compassion. So, keep an eye out for these guardian angels of the city, and you might just find yourself caught up in the magic of the Pearly Kings and Queens.


Check your understanding

  1. Who are the Pearly Kings and Queens, and where can you typically find them in London?

  2. What motivated Henry Croft, the originator of the Pearly tradition, to start adorning his attire with mother-of-pearl buttons?

  3. How do Pearly Kings and Queens raise funds for various charitable causes, and what events do they organise to achieve this?

  4. What does the mother-of-pearl button-adorned attire symbolise for the Pearly Kings and Queens beyond being a fashion statement?

  5. How does the Pearly tradition connect to and represent the broader Cockney culture of London?

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Vocabulary
  1. Cockney: A native of East London, traditionally defined as someone born within hearing distance of the Bow Bells, the bells of the St. Mary-le-Bow church in the City of London. Cockney culture is associated with a distinct dialect and a strong sense of community.

  2. Mother-of-Pearl: A shiny, iridescent substance found on the inside of some mollusc shells, typically used for decorative purposes, such as adorning clothing or accessories.

  3. Metropolis: A large and busy city, often the capital of a country or a significant urban centre.

  4. Charismatic: Having a compelling and magnetic personality that can inspire and influence others.

  5. Resilience: The ability to withstand or recover from adversity, challenges, or difficult situations with strength and determination.

  6. Slang: Informal language and vocabulary, often unique to a particular group or region, which may not be readily understood by outsiders.

  7. Adorning: Decorating or embellishing something with ornamental elements, such as in the case of the Pearly Kings and Queens adorning their clothing with mother-of-pearl buttons.

  8. Quintessential: Representing the most typical or perfect example of a particular quality or class.

  9. Enigmatic: Mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.

  10. Dazzling: Extremely bright, impressive, or captivating, often used to describe the visual impact of the mother-of-pearl buttons on the Pearly attire.

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